{"id":21409,"date":"2022-09-21T20:44:07","date_gmt":"2022-09-22T03:44:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hvacredu.net\/staging\/?p=21409"},"modified":"2022-09-21T20:44:17","modified_gmt":"2022-09-22T03:44:17","slug":"how-indias-lattice-buildings-cool-without-air-conditioning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hvacredu.net\/staging\/how-indias-lattice-buildings-cool-without-air-conditioning\/","title":{"rendered":"How India&#8217;s lattice buildings cool without air-conditioning.  By Feza Tabassum Azmi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21409\" class=\"elementor elementor-21409\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e231b88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e231b88\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-427d598 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"427d598\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">For centuries, India\u2019s architecture featured intricate lattice structures. Now, as modern architects search for better ways to keep buildings cool, it\u2019s making a comeback.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a688b7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a688b7a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-397ae0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"397ae0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The architectural reference to the Taj Mahal is immediately discernible as you enter the Microsoft office in Noida, northern India.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Bathed in ivory white and punctuated with beautiful arches and&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Jaali&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;\u2013 perforated lattice screens \u2013 the office is both a visual ode to the grandeur of the Taj Mahal and a state-of-the-art workplace.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Streams of light perforate the intricate J<em>aali<\/em>&nbsp;screens, creating a sublime effect of lighting and depth. Along with energy-saving lights, this architectural feature helps keep the building&#8217;s carbon footprint low and is one of the reasons the office has a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.usgbc.org\/leed\"><strong>Leed (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) platinum rating<\/strong><\/a>, the US Green Building Council\u2019s highest sustainability certification.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The term&nbsp;<em>Jaali<\/em>, meaning net, is used in Central and South Asia. Cut from marble or red sandstone in ornamental patterns,&nbsp;<em>jaali<\/em>&nbsp;was a distinct architectural feature in India between the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00004-016-0316-6\"><strong>16th and 18th Century<\/strong><\/a>. The exquisitely carved&nbsp;<em>jaalis&nbsp;<\/em>of the Taj Mahal, built in the Indian city of Agra in the mid-17th Century, create a rhythmic blend of solids and voids, concave and convex, lines and curves, light and shadows. The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Hawa-Mahal\"><strong>Hawa Mahal<\/strong><\/a>, or&nbsp;<em>&#8220;<\/em>Wind Palace<em>&#8220;<\/em>, built in 1799 by Rajput rulers in Jaipur, has 953 windows with lattice screens designed to let in a gentle breeze.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">As well as adding artistic flair to buildings, these lattice screens&nbsp;<em>&#8220;<\/em>allow the air to circulate, protect [the buildings] from sunlight and provide a curtain for privacy,<em>&#8220;<\/em>&nbsp;says Yatin Pandya, an architect specializing in heritage conservation and author of several books about sustainable design.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Now, in their search for sustainable cooling solutions, architects are reviving this ancient design to construct comfortable, low-carbon buildings.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2951018 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2951018\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83d9b6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"83d9b6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hvacredu.net\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tiles.jpeg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a55afa5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a55afa5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-458e4e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"458e4e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Cut from marble or red sandstone in ornamental patterns, jaali was a distinct architectural feature in India between the 16th to 18th Century. (Credit: Getty Images)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105554d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"105554d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8de76d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8de76d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The building sector has a major climate problem. Emissions from buildings hit their\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/press-release\/building-sector-emissions-hit-record-high-low-carbon-pandemic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>highest-ever level in 2019<\/strong><\/a>, accounting for 38% of global CO2 emissions. Cooling buildings can be especially energy intensive \u2013 and the number of air conditioning units is expected to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/futureofcooling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>more than triple<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0worldwide by 2050,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/futureofcooling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>consuming as much electricity as all of India and China today<\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef0349a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ef0349a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b670fcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b670fcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">At the same time,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/2021\/08\/09\/ar6-wg1-20210809-pr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>heatwaves are becoming longer and more intense<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0around the world. India in particular experienced a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-india-61242341\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>series of intense heatwaves this year,<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0with temperatures reaching a record 49C (120F) in Delhi in May.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7651e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f7651e8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecf50ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ecf50ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Facing\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/policy-briefs\/India-Challenges-of-Urbanisation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>rapid urbanization<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and soaring heat, India is now searching for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.teriin.org\/article\/cooling-india-energy-efficient-solutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>sustainable, clean and energy-efficient<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0cooling solutions. In 2019, the Indian government launched the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ozonecell.nic.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/INDIA-COOLING-ACTION-PLAN-e-circulation-version080319.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>India Cooling Action Plan<\/strong><\/a>, outlining actions needed to provide access to sustainable and energy-efficient cooling. The plan emphasizes the importance of passive cooling interventions \u2013 the manipulation of architectural elements for cooling \u2013 to boost climate resilience and reduce the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/weather\/features\/60557980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>urban heat island effect<\/strong><\/a>, where buildings and roads absorb and retain heat. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a510e4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7a510e4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd68626 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd68626\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>You might also like:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ceb0bf6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ceb0bf6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e9e014 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e9e014\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20210810-the-ancient-persian-way-to-keep-cool\"><strong>The ancient Persian way to keep cool<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20220705-the-sustainable-cities-made-from-mud\"><strong>The sustainable cities made from mud<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20220823-how-auckland-worlds-most-spongy-city-tackles-floods\"><strong>Why Auckland is the &#8216;spongiest&#8217; city<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f17d35 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4f17d35\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29e40fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"29e40fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hvacredu.net\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/jaali-design-1.jpeg\" title=\"\" alt=\"Jaali Design\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71df808 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"71df808\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6307b48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6307b48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>In their search for sustainable cooling solutions, architects are reviving Jaali design, which dates back to the 16th Century (Credit: Getty Images)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfc9caa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cfc9caa\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f634b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f634b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>Jaali\u00a0<\/em>cuts the direct heat entering in a building by breaking down the total square metres of a typical window into a number of small holes. In traditional J<em>aali<\/em>, the holes are almost exactly the same size as the thickness of the marble or sandstone, says Pandya. &#8220;This thickness works to reduce the direct glare of sunlight while allowing diffused illumination,&#8221; he says.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>Jaali<\/em>\u2019s cooling feature relies on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tech-faq.com\/venturi-effect.html\"><strong>the Venturi effect<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0in a similar way to an air conditioning unit. &#8220;When air passes through holes, it picks up velocity and penetrates afar. Due to the small apertures, air gets compressed and when released it gets cooler,&#8221; says Pandya.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The rise of modern cooling techniques restricted the use of J<em>aali<\/em>, but &#8220;global warming concerns are shifting the focus towards its revival,&#8221; says Pandya. &#8220;Traditional architectural forms have proven their performance in combatting environmental conditions.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">From the Times I-City complex in Foshan, China, to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.archdaily.com\/776240\/nakara-residential-hotel-jacques-ferrier-architecture\"><strong>Nak\u00e2ra hotel<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0in Cap d\u2019Agde, France, to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/worldarchitecture.org\/article-links\/eccmp\/enero-arquitectura-creates-second-skin-with-metallic-lattice-for-thermal-comfort-at-cordoba-hospital.html\"><strong>Cordoba Hospital in Spain<\/strong><\/a>, lattice facades have been deployed in modern buildings to modulate natural light, optimize energy consumption and provide comfort.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;Perforated facades are globally becoming popular among architects with a focus on sustainable envelopes,&#8221; says Ayesha Batool, a researcher in sustainable building design from the University of Nottingham in the UK.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/326753450_Learning_from_the_Vernacular_The_Impacts_of_Massive_Perforated_Screen_Shades_on_Building_Energy_Savings_and_Thermal_Comfort_in_Two_Different_Hot_Climate_Zones\"><strong>A 2018 assessment by Batool<\/strong><\/a> of three-screen shading systems found that Jaali outperformed both fully glazed facades and brise-soleil facades, which deflect sunlight.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;<em>Jaali\u00a0<\/em>screens enhance the thermal and visual comfort of occupants inside the building,&#8221; says Batool. &#8220;It is important to learn from traditional architectural methods without over-generalizing and romanticizing their performance.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4c6f28 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a4c6f28\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ab59a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0ab59a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hvacredu.net\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Al-Bahr-towers.jpeg\" title=\"\" alt=\"Al-Bahr towers in Abu Dhabi\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1c62dd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f1c62dd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64c37b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64c37b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>The Al-Bahr towers in Abu Dhabi have a kinetic Jaali facade, which is inspired by the texture of human skin (Credit: Alamy)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c6cb1c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0c6cb1c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12a19d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12a19d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The headquarters of Punjab Kesari newspaper in New Delhi fuses traditional Indian\u00a0<em>jaali\u00a0<\/em>architecture with contemporary design features. Designed by Studio Symbiosis, the building is wrapped in a perforated white, glass-reinforced concrete facade that evokes the traditional\u00a0<em>jaali<\/em>\u00a0screen. All this aims to optimise natural lighting, reduce heat and increase cross-ventilation, says Britta Knobel Gupta, co-founder of Studio Symbiosis, which has\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/studio-symbiosis.com\/awards\/\"><strong>won several awards<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0for its design.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>&#8220;<\/em>The double\u00a0<em>jaali\u00a0<\/em>screen reduces the outside air temperature in front of the glass so that colder air is pulled inside, acting like a chimney,<em>&#8221;\u00a0<\/em>says Knobel Gupta.<em>\u00a0&#8220;<\/em>This reduces the load on the air conditioner.<em>&#8220;<\/em><\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The project used digital simulations to generate different porosity patterns for each wall, depending on how much sunlight it receives. The north-facing facade, for instance, has a 81% opacity, compared to 27% opacity on the south side. The\u00a0<em>jaali\u00a0<\/em>also helps the building meet the needed lighting level naturally, she adds, ensuring no artificial lights are required during the day<em>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cb3c13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7cb3c13\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cfa5e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8cfa5e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Traditional Jaali technique holds the key for creating environmentally and economically viable architecture \u2013 Sachin Rastogi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3886fb6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3886fb6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f9fd9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f9fd9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Another modern building which uses\u00a0<em>Jaali<\/em>\u00a0effectively is the student accommodation block of St. Andrew\u2019s Institute of Technology and Management in Gurugram, India.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">One notable feature of the building is its application of a physics principle called the\u00a0<em>&#8220;<\/em>stack effect&#8221;, whereby the rotation angles of each brick in the\u00a0<em>jaali<\/em> are designed to minimize solar radiation. <em>&#8220;<\/em>The J<em>aali\u00a0<\/em>facade acts as a thermal protection shield, reducing direct sun glare by 70%, thus minimising heat gain,&#8221; says Rastogi, who designed the building. The building captures hot air and releases it outdoors.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The\u00a0<em>jaali<\/em>\u00a0has significantly lowered energy bills, and reduced the need for the air conditioning by 35%, says Rastogi.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239b38d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"239b38d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25149e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"25149e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hvacredu.net\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jaali-facades-768x432.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-21442\" alt=\"Jaali facades\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hvacredu.net\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jaali-facades-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hvacredu.net\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jaali-facades-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hvacredu.net\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jaali-facades-600x338.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.hvacredu.net\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jaali-facades.jpeg 976w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca04df3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ca04df3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6606c38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6606c38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Jaali facades are popular among architects who focus on sustainable design. (Credit: Getty Images)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a7b387 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9a7b387\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2b9e2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2b9e2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Other countries are also taking note of the benefits of\u00a0<em>jaali<strong>.<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0The Hispasat Satellite Control Centre in Madrid, Spain, was similarly designed with the objective of controlling solar radiation and increasing indoor comfort. Its lattice offers three different densities of openings, which help filter light and reduce the Sun<strong>&#8216;<\/strong>s glare.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>&#8220;<\/em>The facade is finished with a second skin consisting of a 5mm- [0.2in-] thick metal sheet,<em>&#8221;\u00a0s<\/em>ays Juan Herreros, architect and founding partner ofEstudio Herreros, the firm that designed the building.\u00a0<em>&#8220;<\/em>[The] degree of perforation varies according to the lighting needs for comfort and the need to dissipate the Sun<strong>&#8216;<\/strong>s radiation.<em>&#8220;<\/em><\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">A one-metre (3ft) gap between the building and the lattice produces a shaded and ventilated chamber effect, he adds. &#8220;The space between the two skins acts as a ventilation route.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96fe339 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"96fe339\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ae3386 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ae3386\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Although Jaali is experiencing a revival, there are some caveats to overcome.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be5f054 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"be5f054\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4219687 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4219687\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Technological advancements have made the\u00a0<em>jaali<\/em>\u00a0ever more dynamic. Drawing from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/record\/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942864580&amp;origin=inward&amp;txGid=43024973739b992050fd0ca76e9d330e\"><strong>biomimicry<\/strong><\/a>, the science of developing non-biological systems inspired by nature, dynamic\u00a0<em>jaali<\/em>\u00a0facades aim to mimic the methods of thermal adaptation found in nature. Inspired by the texture of human skin, these facades are helping buildings to breathe through thousands of pores.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Al-Bahr Towers, which sits in the intense desert sunshine of Abu Dhabi, have such a kinetic facade. Designed by UK-based Aedas Architects, the towers have a responsive\u00a0<em>&#8220;<\/em>intelligent<em>&#8220;<\/em>\u00a0facade which opens and closes depending on the temperature. The design takes cues from\u00a0<em>jaali<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewcenterarts.org\/grant\/mashrabiya-project\"><strong>mashrabiya<\/strong><\/a><\/em>, a counterpart from the Arab world, which usually uses wood.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;The\u00a0<em>mashrabiya<\/em> is a novel system that reduces the amount of direct sunlight on the building by about 20%,&#8221; says John Lyle, a former director at engineering consultancy Arup, who advised on the opening mechanism. &#8220;The motorized <em>mashrabiyas<\/em>\u00a0open and close in response to the Sun&#8217;s movement to allow indirect natural light into the building.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The dynamic screen is placed two meters (6.6ft) away from the building and programmed to respond to the Sun&#8217;s movement in order to reduce glare and improve daylight penetration. As the Sun moves, the entire <em>mashrabiya\u00a0<\/em>moves with it to provide shading. The design has resulted in a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arup.com\/projects\/al-bahr-towers\"><strong>40% savings in carbon emissions<\/strong><\/a>, according to Arup.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a53849 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6a53849\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46d5fb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"46d5fb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hvacredu.net\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/facade-of-the-Mandarin-Oriental-hotel.jpeg\" title=\"\" alt=\"Facade of the Mandarin Oriental Hotel\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f1d50c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4f1d50c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e071c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e071c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Although<em>\u00a0jaali<\/em>\u00a0is experiencing a revival, there are some\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijlct\/article\/4\/3\/141\/710842\"><strong>caveats to overcome<\/strong><\/a>. There are concerns about whether holes in the facades shield occupants enough from pests and insects. To avoid this,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijlct\/article\/4\/3\/141\/710842\"><strong>a glass or pest screen can be placed in front of the<em>\u00a0jaali<\/em><\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Meanwhile, moving or kinetic facades often involve time-consuming design and fabrication processes and are expensive as they involve technological investment. However, the benefits open a gateway for further explorations in order to optimize energy efficiency.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Using traditional building materials, such as marble, for modern construction may not be viable or cost-effective, and one material may not suit all climates. Most\u00a0<em>jaalis<\/em> today are made of medium-density fiberboard, concrete, bricks, wood, stone, PVC or plaster.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de22272 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"de22272\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5eb318 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5eb318\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">CARBON COUNT<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f710281 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f710281\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25044d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25044d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>The emissions from travel it took to report this story were 0kg CO2. The digital emissions from this story are an estimated 1.2g to 3.6g CO2 per page view.\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200131-why-and-how-does-future-planet-count-carbon\"><strong><em>Find out more about how we calculated this figure here.<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In dry regions,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ijseas.com\/volume2\/v2i2\/ijseas20160211.pdf\"><strong>materials such as wooden fibers are added to improve humidification<\/strong><\/a>. In a similar process to evapotranspiration by plants, wind passing through the cooled\u00a0<em>jaali\u00a0<\/em>holes at night leaves moisture which is absorbed and released into the air during the day when it is hotter.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">J<em>aalis<\/em>\u00a0also differ in their performance in different climates, meaning that screen design, geometries, perforation, form and materials must be based on climate conditions: there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Jaali screens where 30% is made up of holes\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/publications.ibpsa.org\/conference\/paper\/?id=bs2021_30453\"><strong>with a depth of 10cm<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(4in)\u00a0achieve a better thermal comfort in a hot-arid climate, for example. In hot-humid climates, the perforation ratio may need to be increased.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Despite these limitations,<em>\u00a0jaali<\/em>\u00a0helps create energy-efficient buildings by providing natural lighting and ventilation, says Rastogi.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;Traditional\u00a0<em>jaali\u00a0<\/em>technique\u00a0holds the key for creating environmentally and economically viable architecture,&#8221; he says. &#8220;Sustainability is not an added construct; it should be a way of living.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>Like us on <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hvacredunet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>Facebook<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>, or follow us on\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hvacreducation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>Twitter<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>\u00a0or\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/hvacredu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>Instagram<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>.\u00a0 Also, checkout all HVACRedu&#8217;s Course and Program offerings at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hvacredu.net\/staging\">HVACRedu.net<\/a>.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>If you liked this story,\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.email.bbc.com\/SignUp10_08\"><strong><em>sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>, called &#8220;The Essential List&#8221; \u2013 a handpicked selection of stories from BBC\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/\"><strong><em>Future<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>,\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture\/\"><strong><em>Culture<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>,\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/worklife\/\"><strong><em>Worklife<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>,\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel\/\"><strong><em>Travel<\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<em>and\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/reel\"><strong><em>Reel<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>\u00a0delivered to your inbox every Friday.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For centuries, India\u2019s architecture featured intricate lattice structures. Now, as modern architects search for better ways to keep buildings cool, it\u2019s making a comeback. The architectural reference to the Taj Mahal is immediately discernible as you enter the Microsoft office in Noida, northern India. Bathed in ivory white and punctuated with beautiful arches and&nbsp;&#8220;Jaali&#8221;&nbsp;\u2013 perforated [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.2 (Yoast SEO v25.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How India&#039;s lattice buildings cool without air-conditioning. 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